I Work From Home You Can Too

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.16alpha-wmf" /> <meta name="keywords" content="Marketing,Cleanup from May 2008,Articles needing additional references from February 2008,Articles with unsourced statements from July 2009,Books,Books/Marketing,Citation needed,Citing sources,Cleanup,Manual of Style,Reliable sources" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Marketing&action=edit" /> <link rel="edit" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Marketing&action=edit" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/apple-touch-icon.png" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico" /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/opensearch_desc.php" title="Wikipedia (en)" /> <link rel="copyright" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Wikipedia RSS Feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=rss" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom Feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom" /> <title>Marketing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/skins-1.5/common/shared.css?230" type="text/css" media="screen" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/skins-1.5/common/commonPrint.css?230" type="text/css" media="print" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/skins-1.5/monobook/main.css?230" type="text/css" media="screen" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/skins-1.5/chick/main.css?230" type="text/css" media="handheld" />     <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&usemsgcache=yes&ctype=text%2Fcss&smaxage=2678400&action=raw&maxage=2678400" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Print.css&usemsgcache=yes&ctype=text%2Fcss&smaxage=2678400&action=raw&maxage=2678400" type="text/css" media="print" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Handheld.css&usemsgcache=yes&ctype=text%2Fcss&smaxage=2678400&action=raw&maxage=2678400" type="text/css" media="handheld" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Monobook.css&usemsgcache=yes&ctype=text%2Fcss&smaxage=2678400&action=raw&maxage=2678400" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/index.php?title=-&action=raw&maxage=2678400&gen=css" type="text/css" />  <script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ var skin = "monobook"; var stylepath = "/skins-1.5"; var wgArticlePath = "/wiki/$1"; var wgScriptPath = "/w"; var wgScript = "/w/index.php"; var wgVariantArticlePath = false; var wgActionPaths = {}; var wgServer = "http://en.wikipedia.org"; var wgCanonicalNamespace = ""; var wgCanonicalSpecialPageName = false; var wgNamespaceNumber = 0; var wgPageName = "Marketing"; var wgTitle = "Marketing"; var wgAction = "view"; var wgArticleId = "59252"; var wgIsArticle = true; var wgUserName = null; var wgUserGroups = null; var wgUserLanguage = "en"; var wgContentLanguage = "en"; var wgBreakFrames = false; var wgCurRevisionId = 305809412; var wgVersion = "1.16alpha-wmf"; var wgEnableAPI = true; var wgEnableWriteAPI = true; var wgSeparatorTransformTable = ["", ""]; var wgDigitTransformTable = ["", ""]; var wgMWSuggestTemplate = "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=opensearch\x26search={searchTerms}\x26namespace={namespaces}\x26suggest"; var wgDBname = "enwiki"; var wgSearchNamespaces = [0]; var wgMWSuggestMessages = ["with suggestions", "no suggestions"]; var wgRestrictionEdit = []; var wgRestrictionMove = []; /*]]>*/</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/skins-1.5/common/wikibits.js?230"></script>  <script type="text/javascript" src="/skins-1.5/common/ajax.js?230"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/skins-1.5/common/mwsuggest.js?230"></script> <script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ var wgNotice='';var wgNoticeLocal=''; /*]]>*/</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/centralnotice/wikipedia/en/centralnotice.js?230"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/w/index.php?title=-&action=raw&gen=js&useskin=monobook"></script> </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-Marketing skin-monobook"> <div id="globalWrapper"> <div id="column-content"> <div id="content"> <a name="top" id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"><script type='text/javascript'>if (wgNotice != '') document.writeln(wgNotice);</script></div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading">Marketing</h1> <div id="bodyContent"> <h3 id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</h3> <div id="contentSub"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav">Jump to: <a href="#column-one">navigation</a>, <a href="#searchInput">search</a></div>  <div class="dablink">For the magazine, see <a href="/wiki/Marketing_(magazine)" title="Marketing (magazine)">Marketing (magazine)</a>.</div> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-style" style=""> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"> <div style="width: 52px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambox_style.png" class="image" title="Ambox style.png"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Ambox_style.png" width="40" height="40" /></a></div> </td> <td class="mbox-text" style="">This article <b>may require <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">cleanup</a> to meet Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>.</b> Please <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marketing&action=edit" class="external text" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marketing&action=edit" rel="nofollow">improve this article</a> if you can. <small><i>(May 2008)</i></small></td> </tr> </table> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content" style=""> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"> <div style="width: 52px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image" title="Question book-new.svg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" width="50" height="39" /></a></div> </td> <td class="mbox-text" style="">This article <b>needs additional <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>.</b><br /> <small>Please help <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marketing&action=edit" class="external text" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marketing&action=edit" rel="nofollow">improve this article</a> by adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable references</a>. Unsourced material may be <a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" title="Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect">challenged</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. <small><i>(February 2008)</i></small></small></td> </tr> </table> <table class="infobox" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; background:#f5f5ff; border:1px solid #8888aa;"> <tr style="background:#c0c0ff"> <th><strong class="selflink">Marketing</strong></th> </tr> <tr style="background:#dadaff"> <th>Key concepts</th> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Product_marketing" title="Product marketing">Product</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pricing" title="Pricing">Pricing</a> / <a href="/wiki/Promotion_(marketing)" title="Promotion (marketing)">Promotion</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Distribution_(business)" title="Distribution (business)">Distribution</a> / <a href="/wiki/Service_(economics)" title="Service (economics)">Service</a> / <a href="/wiki/Retailing" title="Retailing">Retail</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Brand_management" title="Brand management">Brand management</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Account-based_marketing" title="Account-based marketing">Account-based marketing</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Marketing_ethics" title="Marketing ethics">Marketing ethics</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Marketing_effectiveness" title="Marketing effectiveness">Marketing effectiveness</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Market_research" title="Market research">Market research</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Market_segmentation" title="Market segmentation" class="mw-redirect">Market segmentation</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Marketing_strategy" title="Marketing strategy">Marketing strategy</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Marketing_management" title="Marketing management">Marketing management</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Dominance_(economics)" title="Dominance (economics)">Market dominance</a><br /></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="background:#dadaff"> <th>Promotional content</th> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">Advertising</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">Branding</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Direct_marketing" title="Direct marketing">Direct marketing</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sales" title="Sales">Personal Sales</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Product_placement" title="Product placement">Product placement</a> / <a href="/wiki/Publicity" title="Publicity">Publicity</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Sales_promotion" title="Sales promotion">Sales promotion</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sex_in_advertising" title="Sex in advertising">Sex in advertising</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Underwriting_spot" title="Underwriting spot">Underwriting</a></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="background:#dadaff"> <th>Promotional media</th> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Printing" title="Printing">Printing</a> / <a href="/wiki/Publication" title="Publication">Publication</a> / <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting" title="Broadcasting">Broadcasting</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Out-of-home_advertising" title="Out-of-home advertising">Out-of-home</a> / <a href="/wiki/Internet_marketing" title="Internet marketing">Internet marketing</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Point_of_sale_display" title="Point of sale display">Point of sale</a> / <a href="/wiki/Promotional_item" title="Promotional item">Novelty items</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Digital_marketing" title="Digital marketing">Digital marketing</a> / <a href="/wiki/In-game_advertising" title="In-game advertising">In-game</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Word_of_mouth" title="Word of mouth">Word of mouth</a><br /></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div class="noprint plainlinks navbar" style="background:none; padding:0; font-weight:normal;; font-size:xx-small;">This box: <a href="/wiki/Template:Marketing" title="Template:Marketing"><span title="View this template" style="">view</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Marketing" title="Template talk:Marketing"><span title="Discuss this template" style="">talk</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Marketing&action=edit" class="external text" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Marketing&action=edit" rel="nofollow"><span title="Edit this template" style=";">edit</span></a></div> </td> </tr> </table> <p><br /> <b>Marketing</b> is an integrated communications-based process through which individuals and communities discover that existing and newly-identified needs and wants may be satisfied by the products and services of others.</p> <p>Marketing is defined by the <a href="/wiki/American_Marketing_Association" title="American Marketing Association">American Marketing Association</a> as the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large. <sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> The term developed from the original meaning which referred literally to going to market, as in shopping, or going to a market to buy or sell goods or services.</p> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Chartered_Institute_of_Marketing" title="Chartered Institute of Marketing">Chartered Institute of Marketing</a>, which is the world's largest marketing body<sup class="noprint Template-Fact" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from July 2009" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup>, defines marketing as "The management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Marketing practice tended to be seen as a creative industry in the past, which included <a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">advertising</a>, <a href="/wiki/Distribution_(business)" title="Distribution (business)">distribution</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sales" title="Sales">selling</a>. However, because marketing makes extensive use of <a href="/wiki/Social_sciences" title="Social sciences">social sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">sociology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">anthropology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neuroscience" title="Neuroscience">neuroscience</a>, the profession is now widely recognised a science, allowing numerous universities to offer Master-of-Science (MSc) programmes. The overall process starts with marketing research and goes through <a href="/wiki/Market_segmentation" title="Market segmentation" class="mw-redirect">market segmentation</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Business_planning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Business planning (page does not exist)">business planning</a> and execution, ending with pre and post-sales promotional activities. It is also related to many of the <a href="/wiki/Creativity" title="Creativity">creative</a> arts. The marketing literature is also infamous for re-inventing itself and its vocabulary according to the times and the culture.</p> <p><br /> Seen from a systems point of view, <a href="/wiki/Sales_process_engineering" title="Sales process engineering">sales process engineering</a> views marketing as a set of processes that are interconnected and interdependent with other functions<sup id="cite_ref-Selden_1997_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Selden_1997-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup>, whose methods can be improved using a variety of relatively new approaches.</p> <table id="toc" class="toc" summary="Contents"> <tr> <td> <div id="toctitle"> <h2>Contents</h2> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#The_marketing_concept"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">The marketing concept</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Marketing_orientations"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Marketing orientations</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Product_orientation"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Product orientation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Sales_orientation"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Sales orientation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Production_orientation"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Production orientation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Marketing_orientation"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Marketing orientation</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3"><a href="#Customer_orientation"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Customer orientation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3"><a href="#Organizational_orientation"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Organizational orientation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3"><a href="#Mutually_beneficial_exchange"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Mutually beneficial exchange</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#The_Four_Ps"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">The Four Ps</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#The_marketing_environment"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">The marketing environment</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#The_macro-environment"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">The macro-environment</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Product"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Product</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Branding"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Branding</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Marketing_communications"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Marketing communications</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Personal_sales"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Personal sales</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Sales_promotion"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Sales promotion</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Customer_focus"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Customer focus</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Product_focus"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Product focus</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Areas_of_marketing_specialization"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Areas of marketing specialization</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Related_lists"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Related lists</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </td> </tr> </table> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = "show"; var tocHideText = "hide"; showTocToggle(); } //]]> </script> <p><a name="The_marketing_concept" id="The_marketing_concept"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketing&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: The marketing concept">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">The marketing concept</span></h2> <p>The term <i>marketing concept</i> pertains to the fundamental premise of modern marketing. This can be laid out as recognising consumer needs/wants, and making products that correlate with consumer desires.</p> <p><a name="Marketing_orientations" id="Marketing_orientations"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketing&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Marketing orientations">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Marketing orientations</span></h2> <p>An orientation, in the marketing context, relates to a perception or attitude a firm holds towards its product or service, essentially concerning consumers and end-users. There exist several common orientations:</p> <p><a name="Product_orientation" id="Product_orientation"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketing&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Product orientation">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Product orientation</span></h3> <p>A firm employing a product orientation is chiefly concerned with the quality of its own product, and not in necessarily ascertaining <a href="/wiki/Consumer" title="Consumer">consumer</a> desires. A firm would also assume that as long as its product was of a high standard, people would buy and consume the product.</p> <p>However, utilising a product orientation has a prime disadvantage of making a firm lose out to competitors, who may produce technologically superior goods that engender higher consumer demand and thus market share. A product orientation may perhaps work best in a monopolistic <a href="/wiki/Market_form" title="Market form" class="mw-redirect">market form</a>, due to the inherent high <a href="/wiki/Barriers_to_entry" title="Barriers to entry">barriers to entry</a> within a <a href="/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">monopoly</a>.</p> <p><a name="Sales_orientation" id="Sales_orientation"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketing&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sales orientation">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Sales orientation</span></h3> <p>A firm using a sales orientation focuses primarily on the selling/promotion of a particular product, and not determining new consumer desires as such. Consequently, this entails simply selling an already existing product, and using promotion techniques to attain the highest sales possible.</p> <p>Such an orientation may suit scenarios in which a firm holds dead stock, or otherwise sells a good that is in high demand, with little likelihood of changes in consumer tastes diminishing demand.</p> <p><a name="Production_orientation" id="Production_orientation"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketing&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Production orientation">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Production orientation</span></h3> <p>A firm focusing on a production orientation specialises in producing as much as possible of a given good. Thus, this signifies a firm exploiting <a href="/wiki/Economies_of_scale" title="Economies of scale" class="mw-redirect">economies of scale</a>, until the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minimum_efficient_scale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minimum efficient scale (page does not exist)">minimum efficient scale</a> is reached.</p> <p>A production orientation may be deployed when a high demand for a good exists, coupled with a good certainty that consumer tastes do not rapidly alter (similar to the sales orientation).</p> <p><a name="Marketing_orientation" id="Marketing_orientation"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketing&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Marketing orientation">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Marketing orientation</span></h3> <p>The marketing orientation is perhaps the most common orientation used in contemporary marketing. It involves a firm essentially basing its marketing plans around the marketing concept, and thus forging products to suit new consumer tastes.</p> <p>As an example, a firm would employ market research to gauge consumer desires, use R&D to develop a good attuned to the revealed information, and then utilise promotion techniques to ensure persons know the good exists. The marketing orientation often has three prime facets, which are:</p> <p><a name="Customer_orientation" id="Customer_orientation"></a></p> <h4><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketing&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Customer orientation">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Customer orientation</span></h4> <p>A firm in the <a href="/wiki/Market_economy" title="Market economy">market economy</a> survives by producing <a href="/wiki/Good" title="Good">goods</a> that persons are willing and able to buy. Consequently, ascertaining <a href="/wiki/Consumer_demand" title="Consumer demand" class="mw-redirect">consumer demand</a> is vital for a <a href="/wiki/Firm" title="Firm">firm</a>'s future viability and even existence as a <a href="/wiki/Going_concern" title="Going concern">going concern</a>.</p> <p><a name="Organizational_orientation" id="Organizational_orientation"></a></p> <h4><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketing&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Organizational orientation">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Organizational orientation</span></h4> <p>All departments of a firm should be geared to satisfying consumer wants/needs.</p> <p><a name="Mutually_beneficial_exchange" id="Mutually_beneficial_exchange"></a></p> <h4><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketing&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Mutually beneficial exchange">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Mutually beneficial exchange</span></h4> <p>In a transaction in the market economy, a firm gains revenue, which thus leads to more profits/market share/sales. A consumer on the other hand gains a need/want that is satisfied, utility, reliability and value for money from the purchase of a good. As no one has to buy goods from any one supplier in the market economy, firms must entice consumers to buy goods, and thus seek to satisfy consumers' utility. If an exchange is not mutually beneficial in nature, it is not consistent with contemporary marketing ideals.</p> <p><a name="The_Four_Ps" id="The_Four_Ps"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketing&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The Four Ps">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">The Four Ps</span></h2> <div class="rellink noprint relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Marketing_mix" title="Marketing mix">Marketing mix</a></div> <p>In the early 1960s, Professor Neil Borden at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Business_School" title="Harvard Business School">Harvard Business School</a> identified a number of company performance actions that can influence the consumer decision to purchase goods or services. Borden suggested that all those actions of the company represented a “<a href="/wiki/Marketing_Mix" title="Marketing Mix" class="mw-redirect">Marketing Mix</a>”. Professor <a href="/wiki/E._Jerome_McCarthy" title="E. Jerome McCarthy">E. Jerome McCarthy</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_State_University" title="Michigan State University">Michigan State University</a> in the early 1960s, suggested that the Marketing Mix contained 4 elements: product, price, place and promotion.</p> <ul> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Product_(business)" title="Product (business)">Product</a></i>: The product aspects of marketing deal with the specifications of the actual goods or services, and how it relates to the <a href="/wiki/End-user" title="End-user">end-user</a>'s needs and wants. The scope of a product generally includes supporting elements such as warranties, guarantees, and support.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pricing" title="Pricing">Pricing</a></i>: This refers to the process of setting a <a href="/wiki/Price" title="Price">price</a> for a product, including discounts. The price need not be monetary; it can simply be what is exchanged for the product or services, e.g. time, energy, or attention. Methods of setting prices optimally are in the domain of <a href="/wiki/Pricing_science" title="Pricing science">pricing science</a>.</li> <li><i><b>Placement</b></i> (or <a href="/wiki/Distribution_(business)" title="Distribution (business)">distribution</a>): refers to how the product gets to the customer; for example, point-of-sale placement or <a href="/wiki/Retailer" title="Retailer" class="mw-redirect">retailing</a>. This third P has also sometimes been called <i>Place</i>, referring to the channel by which a product or service is sold (e.g. online vs. retail), which geographic region or industry, to which segment (young adults, families, business people), etc. also referring to how the environment in which the product is sold in can affect sales.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Promotion_(marketing)" title="Promotion (marketing)">Promotion</a></i>: This includes <a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">advertising</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sales_promotion" title="Sales promotion">sales promotion</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Promotional_education" title="Promotional education" class="mw-redirect">promotional education</a>, <a href="/wiki/Publicity" title="Publicity">publicity</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sales" title="Sales">personal selling</a>. <a href="/wiki/Branding" title="Branding">Branding</a> refers to the various methods of promoting the product, <a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">brand</a>, or company.</li> </ul> <p>These four elements are often referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Marketing_mix" title="Marketing mix">marketing mix</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> which a marketer can use to craft a <a href="/wiki/Marketing_plan" title="Marketing plan">marketing plan</a>.</p> <p>The four Ps model is most useful when marketing low value consumer products. Industrial products, services, high value consumer products require adjustments to this model. <a href="/wiki/Services_marketing" title="Services marketing">Services marketing</a> must account for the unique nature of services.</p> <p>Industrial or <a href="/wiki/B2B" title="B2B">B2B</a> marketing must account for the long term contractual agreements that are typical in <a href="/wiki/Supply_chain" title="Supply chain">supply chain</a> transactions. <a href="/wiki/Relationship_marketing" title="Relationship marketing">Relationship marketing</a> attempts to do this by looking at marketing from a long term relationship perspective rather than individual transactions.</p> <p>As a counter to this, Morgan, in <i>Riding the Waves of Change</i> (Jossey-Bass, 1988), suggests that one of the greatest limitations of the 4 Ps approach "is that it unconsciously emphasizes the inside–out view (looking from the company outwards), whereas the essence of marketing should be the outside–in approach".</p> <p><a name="The_marketing_environment" id="The_marketing_environment"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketing&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The marketing environment">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">The marketing environment</span></h2> <p>The term "marketing environment" relates to all of the factors (whether internal, external, direct or indirect) that affects a firm's marketing decision-making/planning. A firm's marketing environment consists of three main areas, which are:</p> <ul> <li>The macro-environment, over which a firm holds little control</li> <li>The micro-environment, over which a firm holds a greater amount (though not necessarily total) control</li> <li>The internal environment</li> </ul> <p><a name="The_macro-environment" id="The_macro-environment"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketing&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: The macro-environment">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">The macro-environment</span></h3> <p>A firm's marketing macro-environment consists of factors that manifest on a large or macro scale. These are typically economic, social or political phenomena. A common means of assessing a firm's macro-environment is via a PEST (,i.e. Political, Economic, Social and Technological) analysis. Within a PEST analysis, a firm would analyse national political issues, culture and climate, key macroeconomic conditions, health and indicators (such as economic growth, inflation, unemployment, etc.), social trends/attitudes, and the nature of technology's impact on its society and the business processes within the society.</p> <p><a name="Product" id="Product"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketing&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Product">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Product</span></h2> <div class="rellink noprint relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="/wiki/New_Product_Development" title="New Product Development" class="mw-redirect">New Product Development</a></div> <p><a name="Branding" id="Branding"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketing&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Branding">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Branding</span></h3> <div class="rellink noprint relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">Brand</a></div> <p>A brand is a name, term, design, symbol, or other feature that distinguishes products and services from competitive offerings. A brand represents the consumers' experience with an organization, product, or service. A brand is more than a name, design or symbol. Brand reflects personality of the company which is organizational culture.</p> <p>A brand has also been defined as an identifiable entity that makes a specific value based on promises made and kept either actively or passively.</p> <p>Branding means creating reference of certain products in mind.</p> <p><a href="/wiki/Co-branding" title="Co-branding">Co-branding</a> involves marketing activity involving two or more products.</p> <p><a name="Marketing_communications" id="Marketing_communications"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketing&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Marketing communications">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Marketing communications</span></h2> <p>Marketing communications breaks down the strategies involved with marketing messages into categories based on the goals of each message. There are distinct stages in converting strangers to customers that govern the communication medium that should be used.</p> <p><a name="Personal_sales" id="Personal_sales"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketing&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Personal sales">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Personal sales</span></h3> <p>Oral presentation given by a salesperson who approaches individuals or a group of potential customers:</p> <ul> <li>Live, interactive relationship</li> <li>Personal interest</li> <li>Attention and response</li> <li>Interesting presentation</li> <li>Clear and thorough.</li> </ul> <p><a name="Sales_promotion" id="Sales_promotion"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketing&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sales promotion">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Sales promotion</span></h3> <p>Short-term incentives to encourage buying of products:</p> <ul> <li>Instant appeal</li> <li>Anxiety to sell</li> </ul> <p>An example is coupons or a sale. People are given an incentive to buy, but this does not build customer loyalty or encourage future repeat buys. A major drawback of sales promotion is that it is easily copied by competition. It cannot be used as a sustainable source of differentiation.</p> <p><a name="Customer_focus" id="Customer_focus"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketing&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Customer focus">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Customer focus</span></h2> <p>Many companies today have a customer focus (or market orientation). This implies that the company focuses its activities and products on consumer demands. Generally there are three ways of doing this: the customer-driven approach, the sense of identifying market changes and the product innovation approach.</p> <p>In the consumer-driven approach, consumer wants are the drivers of all strategic marketing decisions. No strategy is pursued until it passes the test of consumer research. Every aspect of a market offering, including the nature of the product itself, is driven by the needs of potential consumers. The starting point is always the consumer. The rationale for this approach is that there is no point spending R&D funds developing products that people will not buy. History attests to many products that were commercial failures in spite of being technological breakthroughs.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>A formal approach to this customer-focused marketing is known as SIVA<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> (Solution, Information, Value, Access). This system is basically the four Ps renamed and reworded to provide a customer focus.</p> <p>The SIVA Model provides a demand/customer centric version alternative to the well-known 4Ps supply side model (product, price, place, promotion) of marketing management.</p> <table style="margin: 1em auto;"> <tr> <td>Product</td> <td>→</td> <td>Solution</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Promotion</td> <td>→</td> <td>Information</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Price</td> <td>→</td> <td>Value</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Placement</td> <td>→</td> <td>Access</td> </tr> </table> <p>The four elements of the SIVA model are:</p> <ol> <li>Solution: How appropriate is the solution to the customer's problem/need?</li> <li>Information: Does the customer know about the solution? If so, how and from whom do they know enough to let them make a buying decision?</li> <li>Value: Does the customer know the value of the transaction, what it will cost, what are the benefits, what might they have to sacrifice, what will be their reward?</li> <li>Access: Where can the customer find the solution? How easily/locally/remotely can they buy it and take delivery?</li> </ol> <p>This model was proposed by Chekitan Dev and Don Schultz in the Marketing Management Journal of the American Marketing Association, and presented by them in Market Leader, the journal of the Marketing Society in the UK.</p> <p><a name="Product_focus" id="Product_focus"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketing&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Product focus">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Product focus</span></h2> <p>In a product innovation approach, the company pursues product <a href="/wiki/Innovation" title="Innovation">innovation</a>, then tries to develop a market for the product. Product innovation drives the process and marketing research is conducted primarily to ensure that profitable market segment(s) exist for the innovation. The rationale is that customers may not know what options will be available to them in the future so we should not expect them to tell us what they will buy in the future. However, marketers can aggressively over-pursue product innovation and try to overcapitalize on a niche. When pursuing a product innovation approach, marketers must ensure that they have a varied and multi-tiered approach to product innovation. It is claimed that if <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a> depended on marketing research he would have produced larger candles rather than inventing light bulbs. Many firms, such as research and development focused companies, successfully focus on product innovation. Many purists doubt whether this is really a form of marketing orientation at all, because of the ex post status of consumer research. Some even question whether it is marketing.</p> <ul> <li>An emerging area of study and practice concerns <a href="/wiki/Internal_marketing" title="Internal marketing">internal marketing</a>, or how employees are trained and managed to deliver the <a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">brand</a> in a way that positively impacts the acquisition and retention of customers (<a href="/wiki/Employer_branding" title="Employer branding">employer branding</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diffusion_of_innovations" title="Diffusion of innovations">Diffusion of innovations</a> research explores how and why people adopt new products, services and ideas.</li> <li>A relatively new form of marketing uses the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> and is called Internet marketing or more generally <a href="/wiki/E-marketing" title="E-marketing" class="mw-redirect">e-marketing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Affiliate_marketing" title="Affiliate marketing">affiliate marketing</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Desktop_advertising&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desktop advertising (page does not exist)">desktop advertising</a> or <a href="/wiki/Online_marketing" title="Online marketing" class="mw-redirect">online marketing</a>. It tries to perfect the <a href="/wiki/Market_segment" title="Market segment">segmentation strategy</a> used in traditional marketing. It targets its audience more precisely, and is sometimes called <a href="/wiki/Personalized_marketing" title="Personalized marketing">personalized marketing</a> or one-to-one marketing.</li> <li>With consumers' eroding attention span and willingness to give time to advertising messages, marketers are turning to forms of <a href="/wiki/Permission_marketing" title="Permission marketing">permission marketing</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Branded_content" title="Branded content">branded content</a>, <a href="/wiki/Custom_media" title="Custom media">custom media</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reality_marketing" title="Reality marketing">reality marketing</a>.</li> <li>The use of herd behavior in marketing.</li> </ul> <dl> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i> reported a recent conference in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> on the subject of the simulation of adaptive human behavior.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> It shared mechanisms to increase impulse buying and get people "to buy more by playing on the herd instinct." The basic idea is that people will buy more of products that are seen to be popular, and several feedback mechanisms to get product popularity information to consumers are mentioned, including <a href="/w/index.php?title=Smart-cart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smart-cart (page does not exist)">smart-cart</a> technology and the use of <a href="/wiki/RFID" title="RFID" class="mw-redirect">Radio Frequency Identification Tag</a> technology. A "swarm-moves" model was introduced by a Florida Institute of Technology researcher, which is appealing to supermarkets because it can "increase sales without the need to give people discounts."</dd> </dl> <p>Marketing is also used to promote business' products and is a great way to promote the business.</p> <dl> <dd>Other recent studies on the "power of social influence" include an "artificial music market in which some 14,000 people downloaded previously unknown songs" (<a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>, New York); a <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a> chain of convenience stores which orders its products based on "sales data from department stores and research companies;" a <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> company exploiting knowledge of social networking to improve sales; and online retailers who are increasingly informing consumers about "which products are popular with like-minded consumers" (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" title="Amazon.com">Amazon</a>, <a href="/wiki/EBay" title="EBay">eBay</a>).</dd> </dl> <p><a name="Areas_of_marketing_specialization" id="Areas_of_marketing_specialization"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketing&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Areas of marketing specialization">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Areas of marketing specialization</span></h2> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_marketing" title="Agricultural marketing">agricultural marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">advertising</a> and branding</li> <li>communications</li> <li>CRM, <a href="/wiki/Customer_Relationship_Management" title="Customer Relationship Management" class="mw-redirect">Customer Relationship Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_marketing" title="Database marketing">database marketing</a></li> <li>professional <a href="/wiki/Selling" title="Selling">selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_marketing" title="Direct marketing">direct marketing</a></li> <li>event organization</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experiential_marketing" title="Experiential marketing">experiential marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_marketing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Field marketing (page does not exist)">field marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_marketing" title="Global marketing">global marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerilla_marketing" title="Guerilla marketing" class="mw-redirect">guerilla marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_marketing" title="International marketing">international marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_marketing" title="Internet marketing">internet marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_marketing" title="Industrial marketing">industrial marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_research" title="Market research">market research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marketing_strategy" title="Marketing strategy">marketing strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marketing_plan" title="Marketing plan">marketing plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_marketing" title="Political marketing" class="mw-redirect">political marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_marketing" title="Product marketing">product marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promotional_education" title="Promotional education" class="mw-redirect">promotional education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proximity_marketing" title="Proximity marketing">proximity marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_marketing" title="Public marketing">public marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retailing" title="Retailing">retailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Search_engine_marketing" title="Search engine marketing">search engine marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_segmentation" title="Market segmentation" class="mw-redirect">segmentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_marketing" title="Social media marketing">social media marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sponsorship" title="Sponsorship" class="mw-redirect">sponsorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_management" title="Strategic management">strategic management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wholesale_marketing" title="Wholesale marketing">wholesale marketing</a></li> </ul> <p><a name="See_also" id="See_also"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketing&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">See also</span></h2> <div class="rellink noprint relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_marketing" title="Outline of marketing">Outline of marketing</a></div> <div> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background-color:transparent;table-layout:fixed;"> <tr valign="top"> <td> <div style="margin-right:20px;"> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Advertising_Research" title="Advertising Research" class="mw-redirect">Advertising Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AIDA_(marketing)" title="AIDA (marketing)">AIDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_marketing" title="Article marketing">Article marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borderless_Selling" title="Borderless Selling" class="mw-redirect">Borderless Selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">Brand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brand_orientation" title="Brand orientation">Brand orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branded_content" title="Branded content">Branded content</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cause_marketing" title="Cause marketing">Cause marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communal_marketing" title="Communal marketing">Communal marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copywriting" title="Copywriting">Copywriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customer_relationship_management" title="Customer relationship management">Customer relationship management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_Segmentation" title="Market Segmentation" class="mw-redirect">Customer Segmentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_marketing" title="Digital marketing">Digital marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demand_Generation" title="Demand Generation" class="mw-redirect">Demand generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_adopter_(marketing)" title="Early adopter (marketing)" class="mw-redirect">Early adopter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engagement_marketing" title="Engagement marketing">Engagement marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelism_marketing" title="Evangelism marketing">Evangelism marketing</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> <td> <div style="margin-right: 20px;"> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear,_uncertainty,_doubt" title="Fear, uncertainty, doubt" class="mw-redirect">Fear, uncertainty, doubt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Marketing_Communications" title="Integrated Marketing Communications">Integrated Marketing Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_marketing" title="LGBT marketing">LGBT marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macromarketing" title="Macromarketing">Macromarketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_Segmentation" title="Market Segmentation" class="mw-redirect">Market Segmentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marketeer" title="Marketeer">Marketeer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marketing_collateral" title="Marketing collateral">Marketing collateral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marketing_co-operation" title="Marketing co-operation">Marketing co-operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marketing_Mix" title="Marketing Mix" class="mw-redirect">Marketing Mix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marketing_effectiveness" title="Marketing effectiveness">Marketing effectiveness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchandising" title="Merchandising">Merchandising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_Marketing" title="Mobile Marketing" class="mw-redirect">Mobile Marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multichannel_Marketing" title="Multichannel Marketing" class="mw-redirect">Multichannel Marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predictive_analytics" title="Predictive analytics">Predictive analytics</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> <td> <div style="margin-right: 20px;"> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_marketing" title="Product marketing">Product marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reality_marketing" title="Reality marketing">Reality marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referral_marketing" title="Referral marketing">Referral marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_on_marketing_investment" title="Return on marketing investment">Return on marketing investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_marketing" title="Reverse marketing">Reverse marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sales_techniques" title="Sales techniques" class="mw-redirect">Sales techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEO_Copywriting" title="SEO Copywriting">SEO Copywriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_Sector" title="Service Sector" class="mw-redirect">Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_advertising" title="Sex in advertising">Sex in advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senior_media_creative" title="Senior media creative">Senior media creative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_marketing" title="Technical marketing">Technical marketing</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_marketing" title="Trade marketing">Trade marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_(marketing)" title="Value (marketing)">Value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_brand_language" title="Visual brand language">Visual brand language</a></li> </ul> <table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small" style="border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;"> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Books" title="Wikipedia Books"><img alt="Wikipedia Books" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/40px-Office-book.svg.png" width="40" height="40" /></a></td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Books" title="Wikipedia:Books">Wikipedia:Books</a> has a book on: <i><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Books/Marketing" title="Wikipedia:Books/Marketing">Marketing</a></b></i></td> </tr> </table> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <p><a name="Related_lists" id="Related_lists"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketing&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Related lists">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Related lists</span></h2> <dl> <dd><i>See <a href="/wiki/List_of_marketing_topics" title="List of marketing topics">List of marketing topics</a> for an extensive list of the marketing articles.</i></dd> </dl> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_management_topics" title="List of management topics" class="mw-redirect">List of management topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_human_resource_management_topics" title="List of human resource management topics">List of human resource management topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_economics_topics" title="List of economics topics" class="mw-redirect">List of economics topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_finance_topics" title="List of finance topics" class="mw-redirect">List of finance topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_accounting_topics" title="List of accounting topics" class="mw-redirect">List of accounting topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_information_technology_management_topics" title="List of information technology management topics">List of information technology management topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_production_topics" title="List of production topics">List of production topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_business_law_topics" title="List of business law topics" class="mw-redirect">List of business law topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trade_topics" title="List of international trade topics" class="mw-redirect">List of international trade topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_business_ethics,_political_economy,_and_philosophy_of_business_topics" title="List of business ethics, political economy, and philosophy of business topics" class="mw-redirect">List of business ethics, political economy, and philosophy of business topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_business_theorists" title="List of business theorists">List of business theorists</a></li> </ul> <p><a name="References" id="References"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketing&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">References</span></h2> <div class="references-small"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-0"><b><a href="#cite_ref-0">^</a></b> Marketing definition approved in October 2007 by the <a href="/wiki/American_Marketing_Association" title="American Marketing Association">American Marketing Association</a>: <a href="http://www.marketingpower.com/AboutAMA/Pages/DefinitionofMarketing.aspx" class="external autonumber" title="http://www.marketingpower.com/AboutAMA/Pages/DefinitionofMarketing.aspx" rel="nofollow">[1]</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <a href="http://www.cim.co.uk/resources/understandingmarket/definitionmkting.aspx" class="external text" title="http://www.cim.co.uk/resources/understandingmarket/definitionmkting.aspx" rel="nofollow">Definition of marketing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chartered_Institute_of_Marketing" title="Chartered Institute of Marketing">Chartered Institute of Marketing</a></li> <li id="cite_note-Selden_1997-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Selden_1997_2-0">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFPaul_H._Selden1997">Paul H. Selden (1997). <i><span><b>Sales Process Engineering: A Personal Workshop</b></span></i>. Milwaukee, WI: ASQ Quality Press. p. 23.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%27%27%27Sales+Process+Engineering%3A+A +Personal+Workshop%27%27%27&rft.aulast=Paul+H.+Selden&rft.au=Paul+H.+Selden&rft.date=1997&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B23&rft.place=Milwauke e%2C+WI&rft.pub=ASQ+Quality+Press&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Marketing"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> "The Concept of the Marketing Mix" from the Journal of Advertising Research, June 1964 pp 2-7</li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> "Marketing Management: Strategies and Programs", Guiltinan et al., McGraw Hill/Irwin, 1996</li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> "In the Mix: A Customer-Focused Approach Can Bring the Current Marketing Mix into the 21st Century". Chekitan S. Dev and <a href="/wiki/Don_E._Schultz" title="Don E. Schultz">Don E. Schultz</a>, Marketing Management v.14 n.1 January/February 2005</li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style:normal" class="news">"Swarming the shelves: How shops can exploit people's herd mentality to increase sales?". <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>. <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2006-11-11"><a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>-<a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">11-11</a></span>. p. 90.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Swarming+the+shelves%3A+How+shops+can +exploit+people%27s+herd+mentality+to+increase+sales%3F&rft.atitle=&rft.date=%5B%5B2006-11-11%5D%5D&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B90&rft.pub=%5 B%5BThe+Economist%5D%5D&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Marketing"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> </ol> </div> <p><a name="External_links" id="External_links"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketing&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">External links</span></h2> <table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small" style="border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;"> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"><a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Marketing" title="Search Wiktionary"><img alt="Search Wiktionary" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png" width="40" height="44" /></a></td> <td class="mbox-text" style="">Look up <i><b><a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/marketing" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:marketing">marketing</a></b></i> in <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a>, the free dictionary.</td> </tr> </table> <table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small" style="border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;"> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"><a href="http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Marketing" title="Search Wikiquote"><img alt="Search Wikiquote" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Wikiquote-logo-en.svg/40px-Wikiquote-logo-en.svg.png" width="40" height="40" /></a></td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""><a href="/wiki/Wikiquote" title="Wikiquote">Wikiquote</a> has a collection of quotations related to: <i><b><a href="http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Marketing" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Marketing">Marketing</a></b></i></td> </tr> </table>   <div class="printfooter"> Retrieved from "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing</a>"</div> <div id='catlinks' class='catlinks'><div id="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <span dir='ltr'><a href="/wiki/Category:Marketing" title="Category:Marketing">Marketing</a></span></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <span dir='ltr'><a href="/wiki/Category:Cleanup_from_May_2008" title="Category:Cleanup from May 2008">Cleanup from May 2008</a></span> | <span dir='ltr'><a href="/wiki/Category:All_pages_needing_cleanup" title="Category:All pages needing cleanup">All pages needing cleanup</a></span> | <span dir='ltr'><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_February_2008" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from February 2008">Articles needing additional references from February 2008</a></span> | <span dir='ltr'><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></span> | <span dir='ltr'><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2009" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2009">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2009</a></span></div></div>  <div class="visualClear"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="column-one"> <div id="p-cactions" class="portlet"> <h5>Views</h5> <div class="pBody"> <ul lang="en" xml:lang="en"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected"><a href="/wiki/Marketing" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li> <li id="ca-talk"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Marketing" title="Discussion about the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Discussion</a></li> <li id="ca-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketing&action=edit" title="You can edit this page. 
Please use the preview button before saving. [e]" accesskey="e">Edit this page</a></li> <li id="ca-history"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketing&action=history" title="Past versions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">History</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="portlet" id="p-personal"> <h5>Personal tools</h5> <div class="pBody"> <ul lang="en" xml:lang="en"> <li id="pt-login"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Marketing" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o">Log in / create account</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="portlet" id="p-logo"> <a style="background-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bc/Wiki.png);" href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"></a> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> if (window.isMSIE55) fixalpha(); </script> <div class='generated-sidebar portlet' id='p-navigation'> <h5 lang="en" xml:lang="en">Navigation</h5> <div class='pBody'> <ul> <li id="n-mainpage-description"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li> <li id="n-contents"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li> <li id="n-featuredcontent"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Featured_content" title="Featured content — the best of Wikipedia">Featured content</a></li> <li id="n-currentevents"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Find background information on current events">Current events</a></li> <li id="n-randompage"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Load a random article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-search" class="portlet"> <h5 lang="en" xml:lang="en"><label for="searchInput">Search</label></h5> <div id="searchBody" class="pBody"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform"><div> <input type='hidden' name="title" value="Special:Search"/> <input id="searchInput" name="search" type="text" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" value="" /> <input type='submit' name="go" class="searchButton" id="searchGoButton" value="Go" title="Go to a page with this exact name if one exists" />  <input type='submit' name="fulltext" class="searchButton" id="mw-searchButton" value="Search" title="Search Wikipedia for this text" /> </div></form> </div> </div> <div class='generated-sidebar portlet' id='p-interaction'> <h5 lang="en" xml:lang="en">Interaction</h5> <div class='pBody'> <ul> <li id="n-aboutsite"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Find out about Wikipedia">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="n-portal"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="About the project, what you can do, where to find things">Community portal</a></li> <li id="n-recentchanges"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="The list of recent changes in the wiki [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li> <li id="n-contact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="n-sitesupport"><a href="http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Donate/Now/en?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous_donation" title="Support us">Donate to Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="n-help"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="portlet" id="p-tb"> <h5 lang="en" xml:lang="en">Toolbox</h5> <div class="pBody"> <ul> <li id="t-whatlinkshere"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Marketing" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li> <li id="t-recentchangeslinked"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Marketing" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li> <li id="t-upload"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Upload" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li> <li id="t-specialpages"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="List of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li> <li id="t-print"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketing&printable=yes" rel="alternate" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> <li id="t-permalink"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marketing&oldid=305809412" title="Permanent link to this revision of the page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-cite"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Cite&page=Marketing&id=305809412">Cite this page</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-lang" class="portlet"> <h5 lang="en" xml:lang="en">Languages</h5> <div class="pBody"> <ul> <li class="interwiki-af"><a href="http://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bemarking">Afrikaans</a></li> <li class="interwiki-ar"><a href="http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%82">العربية</a></li> <li class="interwiki-an"><a href="http://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing">Aragonés</a></li> <li class="interwiki-az"><a href="http://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketinq">Azərbaycan</a></li> <li class="interwiki-be"><a href="http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B3">Беларуская</a></li> <li class="interwiki-be-x-old"><a href="http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B3">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li> <li class="interwiki-bs"><a href="http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing">Bosanski</a></li> <li class="interwiki-bg"><a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3">Български</a></li> <li class="interwiki-ca"><a href="http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A0rqueting">Català</a></li> <li class="interwiki-cs"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing">Česky</a></li> <li class="interwiki-co"><a href="http://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing">Corsu</a></li> <li class="interwiki-cy"><a href="http://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marchnata">Cymraeg</a></li> <li class="interwiki-da"><a href="http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markedsf%C3%B8ring">Dansk</a></li> <li class="interwiki-de"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interwiki-et"><a href="http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turundus">Eesti</a></li> <li class="interwiki-el"><a href="http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li class="interwiki-es"><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing">Español</a></li> <li class="interwiki-eo"><a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkatiko">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interwiki-fa"><a href="http://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interwiki-fr"><a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing">Français</a></li> <li class="interwiki-ga"><a href="http://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marga%C3%ADocht">Gaeilge</a></li> <li class="interwiki-gl"><a href="http://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercadotecnia">Galego</a></li> <li class="interwiki-gu"><a href="http://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%82%E0%AA %97">ગુજરાતી</a></li> <li class="interwiki-ko"><a href="http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%BC%80%ED%8C%85">한국어</a></li> <li class="interwiki-hi"><a href="http://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A8">हिन्दी</a></li> <li class="interwiki-hr"><a href="http://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing">Hrvatski</a></li> <li class="interwiki-io"><a href="http://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkatago">Ido</a></li> <li class="interwiki-id"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemasaran">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interwiki-it"><a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interwiki-he"><a href="http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A7">עברית</a></li> <li class="interwiki-ka"><a href="http://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98"> ქართული</a></li> <li class="interwiki-kk"><a href="http://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B3">Қазақша</a></li> <li class="interwiki-lv"><a href="http://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81rketings">Latviešu</a></li> <li class="interwiki-lt"><a href="http://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rinkodara">Lietuvių</a></li> <li class="interwiki-hu"><a href="http://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interwiki-mk"><a href="http://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3">Македонски</a></li> <li class="interwiki-ms"><a href="http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemasaran">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li class="interwiki-mn"><a href="http://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3">Монгол</a></li> <li class="interwiki-nl"><a href="http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interwiki-ja"><a href="http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B1%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0">日本語</a></li> <li class="interwiki-no"><a href="http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markedsf%C3%B8ring">‪Norsk (bokmål)‬</a></li> <li class="interwiki-pl"><a href="http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing">Polski</a></li> <li class="interwiki-pt"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing">Português</a></li> <li class="interwiki-ro"><a href="http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing">Română</a></li> <li class="interwiki-ru"><a href="http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3">Русский</a></li> <li class="interwiki-sah"><a href="http://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3">Саха тыла</a></li> <li class="interwiki-sc"><a href="http://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing">Sardu</a></li> <li class="interwiki-scn"><a href="http://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing">Sicilianu</a></li> <li class="interwiki-simple"><a href="http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interwiki-sk"><a href="http://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing">Slovenčina</a></li> <li class="interwiki-sl"><a href="http://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C5%BEenje">Slovenščina</a></li> <li class="interwiki-sr"><a href="http://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3">Српски / Srpski</a></li> <li class="interwiki-sh"><a href="http://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing">Srpskohrvatski / Српскохрватски</a></li> <li class="interwiki-fi"><a href="http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markkinointi">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interwiki-sv"><a href="http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marknadsf%C3%B6ring">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interwiki-tl"><a href="http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamimili">Tagalog</a></li> <li class="interwiki-ta"><a href="http://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF %81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D">தமிழ்</a></li> <li class="interwiki-te"><a href="http://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82">తెలుగు</a></li> <li class="interwiki-tr"><a href="http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pazarlama">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interwiki-uk"><a href="http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3">Українська</a></li> <li class="interwiki-vi"><a href="http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFp_th%E1%BB%8B">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li class="interwiki-yi"><a href="http://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92">ייִדיש</a></li> <li class="interwiki-zh"><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA%E8%90%A5%E9%94%80">中文</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="visualClear"></div> <div id="footer"> <div id="f-poweredbyico"><a href="http://www.mediawiki.org/"><img src="/skins-1.5/common/images/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" /></a></div> <div id="f-copyrightico"><a href="http://wikimediafoundation.org/"><img src="/images/wikimedia-button.png" alt="Wikimedia Foundation"/></a></div> <ul id="f-list"> <li id="lastmod"> This page was last modified on 3 August 2009 at 13:00.</li> <li id="copyright">Text is available under the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License">Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License</a>; additional terms may apply. See <a href="http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a> for details.<br/> Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a href="http://www.wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> <li id="privacy"><a href="http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="wikimedia:Privacy policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="disclaimer"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" title="Wikipedia:General disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript">if (window.runOnloadHook) runOnloadHook();</script> </body></html> [[NAME]], I got you in, but ONLY for today... Hey [[NAME]] Rob Schmidt, http://d2444i4g2hhrjg49ogt52nvf85.hop.clickbank.net/ ^ Right Now that link up there has been unleashed on the world. What has been released is THE most powerful system ever created and contains the most insidious and yet under exploited money making tactics ever revealed. If you’re feeling the cold crush of fear caused by the unrelenting financial catastrophes slinking around you right at every turn… then this may be the most important letter you ever read… Here’s why What you are about to discover is a secret so powerful it could halt economic ruin in its tracks… and replace it with unheard of wealth… What is being revealed to the world is a secret system so powerful that only a select few of “Ultra Elite” have been privy to its existence… Until Now... http://d2444i4g2hhrjg49ogt52nvf85.hop.clickbank.net/ ============================== Welcome To The Money Siphon System ============================== Online marketing is perhaps the fastest growing flow of cash ever seen… ESPECIALLY in this time of total financial panic Think about it: an estimated 100 Billion dollars will be made this year... DESPITE the crashing stock and real estate markets. And it’s only going to keep growing as the rest of humanity spirals downward into poverty and dejection… Bottom Line: =============================== You Have Precious Little Time Remaining: =============================== Once the rest of the world catches on you will have to fight for your meal… But not if you move NOW and secure your place at the top… For the right person… YOU… …This opportunity lights the way to an unprecedented opportunity. By using these secret methods to finally make a killing of your own before 99.99% of the world even knows what’s going on... Thousands of markets, traffic sources and systems have already been exploited by the Fat, Wealthy Elite… and this may be your last chance to truly take back what’s yours… ====================================== Imagine If You Never Had To Guess Again… ====================================== Imagine if you had a system of your own… a system so powerful you had to expend no more effort than simply *looking* at a market to know Instantly where the money was hiding… What then? What would your life be like? What if you could use your system in any market, in any economy at any time you liked… To virtually create as much income as you liked whenever you wanted… Well now you can: Go Now. See For Yourself: http://d2444i4g2hhrjg49ogt52nvf85.hop.clickbank.net/ If you’re sick of the rehashed ebooks selling you the same broken crap lies over and over again… I can honestly say your has message has been heard loud and clear. Each module inside The Money Siphon System is FRESH… Hard hitting… Packed with new, never before seen secrets that are so POWERFUL… So EXTREME… …Yet so SIMPLE anyone can immediately put them to use with almost zero effort… ================================= Copy/Paste/Duplicate His EXACT Successes ================================= Yes, you have been told lies in the past… clever tails of hope where anyone can simply “copy and paste” their way to wealth only to be left with the sour taste of failure lingering in your mouth… This time the stories are true… This time it’s not “fluff” and “theory”… This time you are able to take actual pages from his own online arsenal and use them to your own ends… THE EXACT Pages that have produced THOUSANDS in a matter of days… With virtually zero effort. Take Everything… Use Them As Your Own… ========================================= Steal Entire Sites, $800,000 Markets And Keywords… ========================================= I’ve seen some cold, hard and shocking proof this is the real deal. I’m talking about markets you’ve never heard of with millions to be made right now… … and he gives you the words, the markets AND the tactics to such an extreme degree it will blow your mind… But This Will Not Be Available For Long… Go Now http://XXXXX.gassassin0.hop.clickbank.net/ Listen, I could spend the rest of my life trying to describe the incredible cash markets, insane traffic secrets and techniques that will be instantly at your fingertips… I could try to describe how you are taken by the hand and literally walked through each step of the process from start to finish… I could even try to show you how you are going to unlock secrets even Google doesn’t want you to know… how to spend NOTHNG on Adwords and still make a total killing… But nothing I can say will even begin to do these secrets justice… You Must Go Now… IF You Are Ready To Change Your Life… http://d2444i4g2hhrjg49ogt52nvf85.hop.clickbank.net/ Yes. This is very much worth your time… To YOUR Success, [[Rob Schmidt]] Legal Email Marketing Increase Your Business Today Get this Information Packed Report only $5 http://www.squidoo.com/legal-email-marketing <a href="http://infosteals.com/emailmarketingbasics/?e=rsproducts" target="_top">Click Here! To get Email Marketing Basics</a> <br> <a href="http://redneck-home-improvement.com/blogs/" target="_top">I use it here to promote my site www.redneck-home-improvement.com</a> <br> <a href="http://i-work-from-home.info/legal-email-marketing.php" target="_top">Click Here! To get" Legal Email Marketing"</a> <br> <a href="http://i-work-from-home.info/email-marketing-director.php" target="_top">Click Here! To get "Who is the Email Marketing Director"</a> <br> <a href="http://i-work-from-home.info/what-is-opt-In-email.php" target="_top">Click Here! To get "What is Opt In Email"</a> <br> <a href="http://make-money-like-a-maverick.com/" target="_top">Click Here! To get "Maverick Money Makers"</a> <br> <a href="http://www.squidoo.com/What-is-Opt-In-Email" target="_top">Click Here! To get "Opt In Email "</a> <br> <a href="http://normalizing-blood-pressure.com/" target="_top">Click Here! To get "Normalizing Blood Pressure "</a> <br> <a href="http://home-invasion-prevention.com" target="_top">Click Here! To get "Home Invasion Prevention"</a> <br> <a href="http://www.home-burglar-camera.com/" target="_top">Click Here! To get "Home Burglar Camera"</a> <br> <a href="http://thesweetmagnolia.com" target="_top">Click Here! To get "The Sweet Magnolia Beauty Site"</a> <br> <a href="http://infosteals.com/47turnkeysites/?e=rsproducts" target="_top">Click Here! To get "47 Websites for only 14.95"</a> <br> <a href="http://i-work-from-home.info/affordable-business-web-site.php" target="_top">Click Here! To get "47 Affordable Internet Business"</a> <br> <a href="http://i-work-from-home.info/affordable-design-services-site-web.php" target="_top">Click Here! Affordable Web Sites & Templets"</a> <br> <a href="http://i-work-from-home.info/affordable-web-site.php" target="_top">Click Here! Affordable Web Sites & Templets for Your Internet Empire"</a> <br> <a href="http://d2444i4g2hhrjg49ogt52nvf85.hop.clickbank.net/" target="_top">Click Here!</a>